• Class: Metals
• Period: 6
• IUPAC group: 16
• Traditional: VIb

• Discovered in: 1898 by Curie-Sklodowska
• Origin of name: Poland, native country of Madam Curie
• Historical or alternate name:

Uranium ores; rarely occurs free in nature

Silver-grey metal. Soluble in dilute acids.

• Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm
• Primitive mantle: ~0.0 ppm
• Sea water: ~0.0 ppm
• Metallic meteorite: ~0.0 ppm
• ConTinental crust: ~0.0 ppm
• Solar photosphere: ~0.0 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: ~0.0 ppm
• Solar system: ~0.0 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Highly toxic. Radioactive. Severe radiotoxicity. Carcinogen..

• Lower:
• Upper:

Polonium Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Solid
• Density: 9.4 g/cm3

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 141.0 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 10 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: 100.8 kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• MelTing point: 527.0 K
• Boiling point: 1235.0 K
• Critical temperature: 2880.0 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 208.9824 g/mole
• Molar volume: 23.110 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

complex-cubic <327 K < complex-rhombohedral < melTing point

 Thermodynamics

• State: solid
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy
  • Heat Capacity 26.1

• State: gas
  • Enthalpy 146
  • Gibbs function
  • Entropy
  • Heat Capacity

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: 42.0 µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: K
• Thermal conductivity: W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility: þd
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

Polonium Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: +2 +4 +6
• Molecular wt: 208.9824 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: 153 pm
• Atomic: 164.0 pm
• Van der Waals: pm

 Ions:

• ion: -2 pm 230.0
• ion: +4 pm 94.0
• ion: +6 pm 67.0

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 6.95
• Clementi: 14.22
• Froese-Fischer: 18.31

 Electronegativity

• Pauling: 2.0
• Allred-Rochow: 1.76

 Standard reactions

Polonium Nuclear Properties

• Known 34
• Listed 4

• Known 192 - 218
• Listed 206 - 210

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 8.8 days
  • Decay mode: E.C., alpha,
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 2.9 years
  • Decay mode: alpha, E.C.,
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 1/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 102.0 years
  • Decay mode: alpha, E.C.,
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 138.0 days
  • Decay mode: alpha,
  • Source:
• Notes med

• Isotope 210Cross-section <0.5 barns

Polonium Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p4
• Electron affinity: 186 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels