• Class: Metals
• Period: 6
• IUPAC group: 15
• Traditional: Vb

• Discovered in: 1753 by Geoffroy
• Origin of name: Bisemutum
• Historical or alternate name:

Bismuthinite, bismite & occurs native

Silvery-pink, lustrous, brittle metal. STABLE in Oxygen and water. Dissolves in concentrated nitric acid.

• Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm
• Primitive mantle: 0.010 ppm
• Sea water: 0.0002 ppm
• Metallic meteorite: 0.111 ppm
• ConTinental crust: 0.060 ppm
• Solar photosphere: <1.9 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: 0.007 ppm
• Solar system: 0.144 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Poison. Compounds harmful by ingestion or inhalation..

• Lower:0.01
• Upper:1.0

Bismuth Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Solid
• Density: 9.80 g/cm3

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 207.36 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 10.48 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: 179.1 kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• MelTing point: 544.5 K
• Boiling point: 1833.0 K
• Critical temperature: 4620.0 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 208.98037 g/mole
• Molar volume: 21.442 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

complex-rhombohedral

 Thermodynamics

• State: solid
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy 56.74
  • Heat Capacity 25.52

• State: gas
  • Enthalpy 207.1
  • Gibbs function 168.2
  • Entropy 187.005
  • Heat Capacity 20.786

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: 106.8 µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: 119.0 K
• Thermal conductivity: 7.87 W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: 13.4Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility: -1.684e-8
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: 240 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: 120 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

Bismuth Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: +3 +5
• Molecular wt: 208.98037 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: 152 pm
• Atomic: 182.0 pm
• Van der Waals: 240 pm

 Ions:

• ion: +3 pm 103.0
• ion: +5 pm 76.0

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 6.30
• Clementi: 13.34
• Froese-Fischer: 16.90

 Electronegativity

• Pauling: 1.9
• Allred-Rochow: 1.67

 Standard reactions

Bismuth Nuclear Properties

• Known 19
• Listed 6

• Known 199 - 215
• Listed 205 - 210

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 15.30 days
  • Decay mode: E.C., Beta+
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 6.24 days
  • Decay mode: E.C., Beta+
  • Source:
• Notes med

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 9/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 33.40 years
  • Decay mode: E.C., Beta+
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 5/0
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 0.37 E6 years
  • Decay mode: E.C.,
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 100.0%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 9/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 5.01 days
  • Decay mode: Beta- alpha,
  • Source:
• Notes med

• Isotope Cross-section 0.034 barns

• Absolute sensitivity: 0.13 1H=1.0
• Relative sensitivity: 0.13 1H=1.0
• Receptivity: 777 13C=1.0
• Magnetogyric ratio: 4.2986e7 rad / T / s
• Quadropole moment: -0.4e-28 m2
• Frequency: 16.069 MHz
• Reference: KBiF6

Bismuth Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2 6p3
• Electron affinity: 101 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels