• Class: Transition Metals
• Period: 6
• IUPAC group: 12
• Traditional: IIb

• Discovered in: ~ 1500 BC by
• Origin of name: Greek: hydrargyrum, (liquid Silver)
• Historical or alternate name: Hydrargium

Cinnabar ore; only rarely occurs free in nature

Lustrous, Silvery, liquid metal. STABLE in air and water. Unreactive with alkalis and most acids.

• Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm
• Primitive mantle: ~0.0 ppm
• Sea water: 3e-5 ppm
• Metallic meteorite: 0.390 ppm
• ConTinental crust: 0.08 ppm
• Solar photosphere: <2.1 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: 0.020 ppm
• Solar system: 0.52 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Poison. Gives off poisonous vapor. Toxic by inhalation. Chronic cumulative effects..

• Lower:0.01
• Upper:1.0

Mercury Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Liquid
• Density: 13.594 g/cm3

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 64.463 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 2.331 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: 59.11 kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• MelTing point: 234.28 K
• Boiling point: 629.73 K
• Critical temperature: 1735.0 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 200.59 g/mole
• Molar volume: 14.152 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

body-centered-tetragonal <79 K < complex-rhombohedral < melTing point

 Thermodynamics

• State: solid
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy 76.02
  • Heat Capacity 27.983

• State: gas
  • Enthalpy 61.317
  • Gibbs function 31.820
  • Entropy 174.96
  • Heat Capacity 20.786

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: 95.8 µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: 71.9 K
• Thermal conductivity: 8.34 W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility: -2.095e-9
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: 216 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: 117 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

Mercury Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: +1 +2
• Molecular wt: 200.59 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: 144 pm
• Atomic: 155.0 pm
• Van der Waals: pm

 Ions:

• ion: +1 pm 119.0
• ion: +2 pm 102.0

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 4.35
• Clementi: 11.15
• Froese-Fischer: 16.22

 Electronegativity

• Pauling: 1.9
• Allred-Rochow: 1.44

 Standard reactions

Mercury Nuclear Properties

• Known 26
• Listed 9

• Known 185 - 206
• Listed 194 - 204

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 367.0 years
  • Decay mode: E.C.,
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 0.14%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 10.02%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 16.84%
• Mossbauer NRA: 25.40
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 1/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 23.13%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 13.22%
• Mossbauer NRA: 5.16 *
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 3/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 29.80%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 46.6 days
  • Decay mode: Beta-
  • Source:
• Notes med

• % Occ.:Natural 6.85%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• Isotope Cross-section 375±5 barns

• Absolute sensitivity: 9.54e-4 1H=1.0
• Relative sensitivity: 5.67e-3 1H=1.0
• Receptivity: 5.42 13C=1.0
• Magnetogyric ratio: 4.7912e7 rad / T / s
• Quadropole moment: m2
• Frequency: 17.827 MHz
• Reference: Hg(CH3)2

Mercury Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s2
• Electron affinity: -18 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels