• Class: Transition Metals
• Period: 6
• IUPAC group: 11
• Traditional: Ib

• Discovered in: ~ 3000 BC by
• Origin of name: LaTin: aurum, (shining dawn)
• Historical or alternate name: Aurum

Occurs native & in tellurides, associated with quartz or pyrite

Lustrous, yellow metal. Soft, malleable and ductile. Unaffected by air, water, alkalis and most acids.

• Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm
• Primitive mantle: 0.0013 ppm
• Sea water: 4e-6 ppm
• Metallic meteorite: 0.145 ppm
• ConTinental crust: 0.0030 ppm
• Solar photosphere: 0.75 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: 2.30E-4 ppm
• Solar system: 0.186 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Can react vigorously with many oxidants..

• Lower:
• Upper:0.01

Gold Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Solid
• Density: 18.88 g/cm3

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 365.93 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 12.7 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: 343.1 kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• MelTing point: 1337.58 K
• Boiling point: 3353.0 K
• Critical temperature: 9500.0 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 196.96654 g/mole
• Molar volume: 10.277 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

face-centered-cubic

 Thermodynamics

• State: solid
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy 47.40
  • Heat Capacity 25.418

• State: gas
  • Enthalpy 336.1
  • Gibbs function 326.3
  • Entropy 180.503
  • Heat Capacity 20.786

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: 2.35 µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: 165.0 K
• Thermal conductivity: 317.0 W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: 14.2Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility: -1.78e-9
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: 208 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: 115 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

Gold Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: +1 +3 +5
• Molecular wt: 196.96654 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: 134 pm
• Atomic: 144.0 pm
• Van der Waals: pm

 Ions:

• ion: +1 pm 137.0
• ion: +3 pm 85.0
• ion: +5 pm 57.0

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 4.20
• Clementi: 10.94
• Froese-Fischer: 15.94

 Electronegativity

• Pauling: 2.4
• Allred-Rochow: 1.42

 Standard reactions

Gold Nuclear Properties

• Known 21
• Listed 3

• Known 185 - 203
• Listed 195 - 197

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 183.0 days
  • Decay mode: E.C.,
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 6.2 days
  • Decay mode: E.C., Beta-
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 100.0%
• Mossbauer NRA: 12.4
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 3/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• Isotope Cross-section 98.8±0.3 barns

• Absolute sensitivity: 2.51e-5 1H=1.0
• Relative sensitivity: 2.51e-5 1H=1.0
• Receptivity: 0.06 13C=1.0
• Magnetogyric ratio: 0.357e7 rad / T / s
• Quadropole moment: 0.58e-28 m2
• Frequency: 1.712 MHz
• Reference:

Gold Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 5d10 6s1
• Electron affinity: 223 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels