• Class: Heavy Lanthinides
• Period: 6
• IUPAC group: 3
• Traditional: IIIa

• Discovered in: 1878 by de Marignac
• Origin of name: Ytterby, village in Sweden
• Historical or alternate name:

Monazite

Soft, Silvery white metal. Oxidizes slowly in air. Reacts with water.

• Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm
• Primitive mantle: 0.372 ppm
• Sea water: 2e-7 ppm
• Metallic meteorite: 0.166 ppm
• ConTinental crust: 2.2 ppm
• Solar photosphere: 0.9 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: 3.7 ppm
• Solar system: 0.243 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Flammable dust. Possible carcinogen. Compounds moderately toxic..

• Lower:
• Upper:

YtTErbium Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Solid
• Density: 6.9654 g/cm3

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 152.80 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 9.20 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: 159 kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• MelTing point: 1092.0 K
• Boiling point: 1467.0 K
• Critical temperature: 4420.0 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 173.04 g/mole
• Molar volume: 25.00 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

hexagonal-close-packed <270 K < face-centered-cubic < 1005 K < body-centered-cubic < melTing point

 Thermodynamics

• State: solid
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy 59.87
  • Heat Capacity 26.74

• State: gas
  • Enthalpy 152.3
  • Gibbs function 118.4
  • Entropy 173.126
  • Heat Capacity 20.786

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: 29.0 µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: 120.0 K
• Thermal conductivity: 34.9 W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: 25.2Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility: 1.81e-8
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: 146 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: 84.5 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

YtTErbium Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: +2 +3
• Molecular wt: 173.04 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: 170 pm
• Atomic: 193.3 pm
• Van der Waals: pm

 Ions:

• ion: +2 pm 102.0
• ion: +3 pm 86.8

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 2.85
• Clementi: 8.59
• Froese-Fischer: 11.90

 Electronegativity

• Pauling:
• Allred-Rochow: 1.06

 Standard reactions

YtTErbium Nuclear Properties

• Known 16
• Listed 9

• Known 164 - 177
• Listed 168 - 176

• % Occ.:Natural 0.13%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 32.0 days
  • Decay mode: E.C.,
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 3.05%
• Mossbauer NRA: 13.5
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 14.30%
• Mossbauer NRA: 10.7
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 1/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA: 12.1
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 21.90%
• Mossbauer NRA: 12.6
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 16.12%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 5/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 31.80%
• Mossbauer NRA: 12.3
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 12.70%
• Mossbauer NRA: 13.2 *
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• Isotope Cross-section 37±3 barns

• Absolute sensitivity: 7.81e-4 1H=1.0
• Relative sensitivity: 5.46e-3 1H=1.0
• Receptivity: 4.05 13C=1.0
• Magnetogyric ratio: 4.718e7 rad / T / s
• Quadropole moment: m2
• Frequency: 17.613 MHz
• Reference:

YtTErbium Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: [Xe] 4f14 6s2
• Electron affinity: <=50 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels