• Class: Heavy Lanthinides
• Period: 6
• IUPAC group: 3
• Traditional: IIIa

• Discovered in: 1843 by Mosander
• Origin of name: Ytterby, a town in Sweden
• Historical or alternate name:

Gadolinite

Silvery grey metal; reacts slowly with water. Dissolves in acids.

• Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm
• Primitive mantle: 0.374 ppm
• Sea water: 2e-7 ppm
• Metallic meteorite: 0.160 ppm
• ConTinental crust: 2.2 ppm
• Solar photosphere: 0.76 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: 3.7 ppm
• Solar system: 0.253 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Metal ignites and burns readily. Compounds moderately toxic by ingestion..

• Lower:
• Upper:

Erbium Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Solid
• Density: 9.006 g/cm3

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 318.32 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 17.2 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: 280 kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• MelTing point: 1802.0 K
• Boiling point: 3136.0 K
• Critical temperature: 7250.0 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 167.26 g/mole
• Molar volume: 18.565 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

hexagonal-close-packed <1190 K < body-centered-cubic < melTing point

 Thermodynamics

• State: solid
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy 73.18
  • Heat Capacity 28.12

• State: gas
  • Enthalpy 317.1
  • Gibbs function 280.7
  • Entropy 195.59
  • Heat Capacity 20.79

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: 107.0 µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: K
• Thermal conductivity: 14.3 W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: 9.4Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility: 3.33e-6
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: 134 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: 77.3 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

Erbium Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: +3
• Molecular wt: 167.26 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: 157 pm
• Atomic: 176.1 pm
• Van der Waals: pm

 Ions:

• ion: +3 pm 89.0

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 2.85
• Clementi: 8.48
• Froese-Fischer: 11.70

 Electronegativity

• Pauling:
• Allred-Rochow: 1.11

 Standard reactions

Erbium Nuclear Properties

• Known 16
• Listed 7

• Known 158 - 172
• Listed 162 - 170

• % Occ.:Natural 0.14%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 1.61%
• Mossbauer NRA: 14.6 *
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 33.60%
• Mossbauer NRA: 12.9
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 22.95%
• Mossbauer NRA: 12.7
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 7/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 26.80%
• Mossbauer NRA: 12.8
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 9.40 days
  • Decay mode: Beta-
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 14.90%
• Mossbauer NRA: 12.7
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• Isotope Cross-section 0.16±0.03 barns

• Absolute sensitivity: 1.16e-4 1H=1.0
• Relative sensitivity: 5.07e-4 1H=1.0
• Receptivity: 0.665 13C=1.0
• Magnetogyric ratio: -.7752e7 rad / T / s
• Quadropole moment: 2.83e-28 m2
• Frequency: 2.890 MHz
• Reference:

Erbium Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: [Xe] 4f12 6s2
• Electron affinity: <=50 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels