• Class: Heavy Lanthinides
• Period: 6
• IUPAC group: 3
• Traditional: IIIa

• Discovered in: 1878 by Delafontaine and Soret
• Origin of name: LaTin: Holmia, for Stockholm
• Historical or alternate name:

Gadolinite,monazite & bastnasite are the chief commercial sources

Silvery metal. Reacts slowly with Oxygen and water. Dissolves in acids.

• Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm
• Primitive mantle: 0.128 ppm
• Sea water: 8e-8 ppm
• Metallic meteorite: 0.054 ppm
• ConTinental crust: 0.78 ppm
• Solar photosphere: ~0.0 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: 1.3 ppm
• Solar system: 0.0875 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Can react violently with air or halogens. Compounds moderately toxic by ingestion..

• Lower:
• Upper:

Holmium Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Solid
• Density: 8.7947 g/cm3

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 302.63 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 17.2 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: 303 kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• MelTing point: 1747.0 K
• Boiling point: 2968.0 K
• Critical temperature: 7570.0 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 164.93032 g/mole
• Molar volume: 18.869 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

hexagonal-close-packed <1239 K < body-centered-cubic < melTing point

 Thermodynamics

• State: solid
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy 75.3
  • Heat Capacity 27.15

• State: gas
  • Enthalpy 300.8
  • Gibbs function 264.8
  • Entropy 195.59
  • Heat Capacity 20.79

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: 87.0 µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: K
• Thermal conductivity: 16.2 W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: 9.8Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility: 5.49e-6
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: 128 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: 73.9 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

Holmium Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: +3
• Molecular wt: 164.93032 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: 158 pm
• Atomic: 176.2 pm
• Van der Waals: pm

 Ions:

• ion: +3 pm 90.1

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 2.85
• Clementi: 8.44
• Froese-Fischer: 11.60

 Electronegativity

• Pauling:
• Allred-Rochow: 1.10

 Standard reactions

Holmium Nuclear Properties

• Known 29
• Listed 2

• Known 151 - 170
• Listed 163 - 165

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 7/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 33.0 years
  • Decay mode: E.C.,
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 100.0%
• Mossbauer NRA: 15.2
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 7/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• Isotope Cross-section 65±2 barns

• Absolute sensitivity: 0.18 1H=1.0
• Relative sensitivity: 0.18 1H=1.0
• Receptivity: 1.16e3 13C=1.0
• Magnetogyric ratio: 5.710e7 rad / T / s
• Quadropole moment: 2.82e-28 m2
• Frequency: 20.513 MHz
• Reference:

Holmium Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: [Xe] 4f11 6s2
• Electron affinity: <=50 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels