• Class: Heavy Lanthinides
• Period: 6
• IUPAC group: 3
• Traditional: IIIa

• Discovered in: 1843 by Mosander
• Origin of name: Ytterby, village in Sweden
• Historical or alternate name:

Cerite, gadolinite, monazite, xenotime & euxenite

Silvery white metal. Oxidizes slowly in air. Reacts with cold water.

• Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm
• Primitive mantle: 0.087 ppm
• Sea water: 1.4e-6 ppm
• Metallic meteorite: 0.0353 ppm
• ConTinental crust: 0.60 ppm
• Solar photosphere: ~0.0 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: 0.87 ppm
• Solar system: 0.0589 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Flammable. Compounds moderately toxic by ingestion..

• Lower:
• Upper:

Terbium Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Solid
• Density: 8.2294 g/cm3

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 390.62 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 16.3 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: 391 kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• MelTing point: 1633.0 K
• Boiling point: 3396.0 K
• Critical temperature: 8470.0 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 158.92534 g/mole
• Molar volume: 19.43 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

orthorhombic <220 K < hexagonal-close-packed < 1589 K < body-centered-cubic < melTing point

 Thermodynamics

• State: solid
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy 73.22
  • Heat Capacity 28.91

• State: gas
  • Enthalpy 388.7
  • Gibbs function 349.7
  • Entropy 203.58
  • Heat Capacity 24.56

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: 116.0 µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: K
• Thermal conductivity: 11.1 W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: 9.5Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility: 1.15e-5
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: 273 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: 67.5 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

Terbium Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: +3 +4
• Molecular wt: 158.92534 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: 159 pm
• Atomic: 177.3 pm
• Van der Waals: pm

 Ions:

• ion: +3 pm 92.3
• ion: +4 pm 76.0

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 2.85
• Clementi: 8.30
• Froese-Fischer: 11.39

 Electronegativity

• Pauling:
• Allred-Rochow: 1.10

 Standard reactions

Terbium Nuclear Properties

• Known 24
• Listed 7

• Known 147 - 164
• Listed 155 - 161

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 5.32 days
  • Decay mode: E.C.,
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 5.40 days
  • Decay mode: E.C.,
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 3/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 150.00 years
  • Decay mode: E.C.,
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 3/0
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 150.00 years
  • Decay mode: E.C., Beta-
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 100.0%
• Mossbauer NRA: 9.29
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 3/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 72.10 days
  • Decay mode: Beta-
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 6.90 days
  • Decay mode: Beta-
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• Isotope Cross-section 30±10 barns

• Absolute sensitivity: 5.83e-2 1H=1.0
• Relative sensitivity: 5.83e-2 1H=1.0
• Receptivity: 3.94e2 13C=1.0
• Magnetogyric ratio: 6.4306e7 rad / T / s
• Quadropole moment: 1.3e-28 m2
• Frequency: 22.678 MHz
• Reference:

Terbium Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: [Xe] 4f9 6s2
• Electron affinity: <=50 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels