Qivx Inc. Integral Scientist Periodic Table: Properties of Europium, Element 63, Eu

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Europium

Styles	Standard	Bayley	Extended	Octet	Electron	Quantum
ISPT
	Element Properties: General - Physical - Chemical - Nuclear - Energy

Europium General Information
Categories Class: Lanthinides Period: 6 IUPAC group: 3 Traditional: IIIa	History Discovered in: 1901 by Demarcay Origin of name: Europe Historical or alternate name:
Common natural occurrences Monazite & bastnasite are the chief commercial sources	Description Silvery, soft metal. Extremely reactive with Oxygen and water.
Abundances Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm Primitive mantle: 0.131 ppm Sea water: 4e-8 ppm Metallic meteorite: 0.0543 ppm ConTinental crust: 1.1 ppm Solar photosphere: 0.7 log of abundance Oceanic crust: 1.3 ppm Solar system: 0.0972 relative to Si=1.0e6	Hazards and Tolerances Hazards Compounds moderately toxic by ingestion.. Human daily limits Lower: Upper:0.01

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Europium Physical Properties

Transitional Data

State: Solid
Density: 5.2434 g/cm3

Molar enthalpy

Atomization: 177.11 kJ mol-1
Fusion: 10.5 kJ mol-1
Vaporization: 176 kJ mol-1

Transition points

MelTing point: 1095.0 K
Boiling point: 1870.0 K
Critical temperature: 4600.0 K

Molar properties

Atomic weight: 151.965 g/mole
Molar volume: 29.160 cm3 mol-1

Crystal structure sequence

body-centered-cubic

Thermodynamics

State: solid
- Enthalpy 0
- Gibbs function 0
- Entropy 77.78
- Heat Capacity 27.66

State: gas
- Enthalpy 175.3
- Gibbs function 142.2
- Entropy 188.795
- Heat Capacity 20.786

Miscellaneous physical

Electrical resistivity: 90.0 µ-ohms/cm
Debye temperature: K
Thermal conductivity: 13.9 W / m / K
Coefficient of linear expansion: 40.0Coef. per K
Mass magnetic susceptibility: 2.81e-6
X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:

CuK: 425 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
MoK: 61.5 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

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Europium Chemical Properties

Chemical basics:

Oxidation states: +2 +3
Molecular wt: 151.965 g/mole

Radii

Covalent: 185 pm
Atomic: 208.4 pm
Van der Waals: pm

Ions:

ion: +2 pm 117.0
ion: +3 pm 94.7

Covalent bonds

Bond:

Radius

Energy

Effective nuclear charge

Slater: 2.85
Clementi: 8.11
Froese-Fischer: 11.17

Electronegativity

Pauling:
Allred-Rochow: 1.01

Standard reactions

oxidation =>
Eu+3 + e- =>
Eu+3 + 3e- =>

reduction
Eu+2
Eu

potential
-0.37
-2.41

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Europium Nuclear Properties
Isotopes
Number of isotopes: Known 21 Listed 13	Isotope range: Known 144 - 160 Listed 145 - 156
Nuclide 145 % Occ.:Natural Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: Radioisotopes: Half-life: 5.93 days Decay mode: E.C., Beta+ Source: reactor Notes	Nuclide 147 % Occ.:Natural Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: Radioisotopes: Half-life: 24.60 days Decay mode: E.C., Beta+ alpha, Source: reactor Notes
Nuclide 148 % Occ.:Natural Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: Radioisotopes: Half-life: 55.60 days Decay mode: E.C., Beta+ alpha, Source: reactor Notes	Nuclide 149 % Occ.:Natural Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: Radioisotopes: Half-life: 93.10 days Decay mode: E.C., Source: reactor Notes
Nuclide 150 % Occ.:Natural Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: Radioisotopes: Half-life: 35.80 years Decay mode: E.C., Source: reactor Notes	Nuclide 151 % Occ.:Natural 47.8% Mossbauer NRA: 3.46 * Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 5/2 Radioisotopes: Half-life: Decay mode: Source: Notes
Nuclide 152 % Occ.:Natural Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 3/0 Radioisotopes: Half-life: 13.30 years Decay mode: E.C., Beta+ Beta- Source: reactor Notes	Nuclide 153 % Occ.:Natural 52.2% Mossbauer NRA: 13.40 Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 5/2 Radioisotopes: Half-life: Decay mode: Source: Notes
Nuclide 153 % Occ.:Natural Mossbauer NRA: 15.60 Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: Radioisotopes: Half-life: Decay mode: Source: Notes	Nuclide 153 % Occ.:Natural Mossbauer NRA: 16.50 Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: Radioisotopes: Half-life: Decay mode: Source: Notes
Nuclide 154 % Occ.:Natural Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 3/0 Radioisotopes: Half-life: 8.80 years Decay mode: Beta- E.C., Source: reactor Notes	Nuclide 155 % Occ.:Natural Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 5/2 Radioisotopes: Half-life: 4.96 years Decay mode: Beta- Source: reactor Notes
Nuclide 156 % Occ.:Natural Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: Radioisotopes: Half-life: 15.20 days Decay mode: Beta- Source: reactor Notes
Thermal neutron capture Isotope Cross-section 4100±100 barns
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Nuclide: 151 Absolute sensitivity: 8.51e-2 1H=1.0 Relative sensitivity: 0.18 1H=1.0 Receptivity: 4.64e2 13C=1.0 Magnetogyric ratio: 6.5477e7 rad / T / s Quadropole moment: 1.16e-28 m2 Frequency: 10.951 MHz Reference:

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Europium Energy Properties

Electrons

Ground state electron configuration: [Xe] 4f7 6s2
Electron affinity: <=50 kJ mol-1
Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

Wave length 3819.67 Relative intensity 3400 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) 10 Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) Notes: II	Wave length 4205.05 Relative intensity 4000 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) 0.5 Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) Notes: II
Wave length 4435.56 Relative intensity 900 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) 10 Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) Notes: II	Wave length 4594.03 Relative intensity 750 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) 0.05 OAn Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 0.8 NAr Notes:
Wave length 4627.22 Relative intensity 650 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) 0.06 OAn Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 0.9 NA Notes:	Wave length 4661.88 Relative intensity 550 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) 0.2 OAn Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 1.1 NA Notes:

Ionization energies

Ionization level
Eu -> Eu+
Eu+ -> Eu+2

Ionization potential
546.7
1085

Atomic energy levels

Orbital
ns

(n-2)f

Energy
0.7771

2.1886

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