• Class: Lanthinides
• Period: 6
• IUPAC group: 3
• Traditional: IIIa

• Discovered in: 1945 by Marinsky et. al.
• Origin of name: Mythological, Prometheus
• Historical or alternate name:

Found in the spectrum of the star HR465 in Andromeda

• Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm
• Primitive mantle: ~0.0 ppm
• Sea water: ~0.0 ppm
• Metallic meteorite: ~0.0 ppm
• ConTinental crust: ~0.0 ppm
• Solar photosphere: ~0.0 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: ~0.0 ppm
• Solar system: ~0.0 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Poison. Radiotoxic. Radioactive..

• Lower:
• Upper:

Promethium Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Solid
• Density: 7.22 g/cm3

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 308.0 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 12.6 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• MelTing point: 1441.0 K
• Boiling point: 2733.0 K
• Critical temperature: 6800.0 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 146.9151 g/mole
• Molar volume: 20.361 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

double-hex-close-packed

 Thermodynamics

• State: solid
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy
  • Heat Capacity 26.8

• State: gas
  • Enthalpy
  • Gibbs function
  • Entropy 187.101
  • Heat Capacity 24.255

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: K
• Thermal conductivity: 17.9 W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility:
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: 386 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: 55.9 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

Promethium Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: +3
• Molecular wt: 146.9151 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: pm
• Atomic: 183.4 pm
• Van der Waals: pm

 Ions:

• ion: +3 pm 97.0

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 2.85
• Clementi: 9.40
• Froese-Fischer: 10.94

 Electronegativity

• Pauling:
• Allred-Rochow: 1.07

 Standard reactions

Promethium Nuclear Properties

• Known 14
• Listed 6

• Known 141 - 154
• Listed 143 - 148

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 265.00 days
  • Decay mode: E.C.,
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 1.00 years
  • Decay mode: E.C.,
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA: 9.81 *
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 5/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 17.70 years
  • Decay mode: E.C., alpha,
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 234
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 5.53 years
  • Decay mode: E.C., Beta-
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA: 14.60
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 7/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 2.62 years
  • Decay mode: Beta-
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 5.37 days
  • Decay mode: Beta-
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• Isotope Cross-section 8400±1680 barns

• Absolute sensitivity: 1H=1.0
• Relative sensitivity: 1H=1.0
• Receptivity: 13C=1.0
• Magnetogyric ratio: 3.613e7 rad / T / s
• Quadropole moment: 0.67e-28 m2
• Frequency: 13.51 MHz
• Reference:

Promethium Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: [Xe] 4f5 6s2
• Electron affinity: 13.51 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels