• Class: Metals
• Period: 5
• IUPAC group: 15
• Traditional: Vb

• Discovered in: ~ 1600 BC by
• Origin of name: Greek: anti monos (not found alone)
• Historical or alternate name: Stibnium

Stibnite & in over 100 other minerals

Silver-white, lustrous, hard, brittle metal; scale-like crystals; dark grey powder with lustrous appearance. STABLE in dry air.

• Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm
• Primitive mantle: 0.025 ppm
• Sea water: 0.0005 ppm
• Metallic meteorite: 0.155 ppm
• ConTinental crust: 0.2 ppm
• Solar photosphere: 1.0 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: 0.017 ppm
• Solar system: 0.352 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Poison. Compounds toxic by ingestion or inhalation. Irritant by skin contact..

• Lower:0.01
• Upper:1.0

Antimony Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Solid
• Density: 6.684 g/cm3

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 262.04 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 20.9 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: 165.8 kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• MelTing point: 903.7 K
• Boiling point: 2023.0 K
• Critical temperature: 5070.0 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 121.75 g/mole
• Molar volume: 18.301 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

complex-rhombohedral

 Thermodynamics

• State: solid
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy 46.69
  • Heat Capacity 25.23

• State: gas
  • Enthalpy 262.3
  • Gibbs function 222.1
  • Entropy 180.27
  • Heat Capacity 20.79

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: 39.0 µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: 211.0 K
• Thermal conductivity: 24.3 W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: 11.0Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility: -1.0e-8
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: 270 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: 33.1 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

Antimony Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: -3 +3 +5
• Molecular wt: 121.75 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: 141 pm
• Atomic: 161.0 pm
• Van der Waals: 220 pm

 Ions:

• ion: +3 pm 76.0
• ion: +5 pm 60.0

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 6.30
• Clementi: 9.99
• Froese-Fischer: 12.37

 Electronegativity

• Pauling: 1.9
• Allred-Rochow: 1.82

 Standard reactions

Antimony Nuclear Properties

• Known 29
• Listed 5

• Known 112 - 133
• Listed 121 - 126

• % Occ.:Natural 57.3%
• Mossbauer NRA: 5.94
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 5/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 42.7%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 5/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 60.30 days
  • Decay mode: Beta-
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 7/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 2.77 years
  • Decay mode: Beta-
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 12.40 days
  • Decay mode: Beta-
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• Isotope Cross-section 5±1 barns

• Absolute sensitivity: 9.16e-2 1H=1.0
• Relative sensitivity: 0.16 1H=1.0
• Receptivity: 520 13C=1.0
• Magnetogyric ratio: 6.4016e7 rad / T / s
• Quadropole moment: -0.53e-28 m2
• Frequency: 23.930 MHz
• Reference: Et4N+SbCl6-

Antimony Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s2 5p3
• Electron affinity: 101 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels