• Class: Transition Metals
• Period: 5
• IUPAC group: 12
• Traditional: IIb

• Discovered in: 1817 by Stromeyer
• Origin of name: Latin: cadmia, Greek: kadmeia, ancient name for calamine
• Historical or alternate name:

Sphalerite, greenockite & Zinc ores

Silvery white/blue lustrous metal. Tarnishes in air, soluble in acids, insoluble in alkalis.

• Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm
• Primitive mantle: 0.040 ppm
• Sea water: 0.0001 ppm
• Metallic meteorite: 0.673 ppm
• Continental crust: 0.098 ppm
• Solar photosphere: 1.85 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: 0.130 ppm
• Solar system: 1.69 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Toxic. Possible Carcinogen. Compounds toxic by inhalation or ingestion..

• Lower:0.01
• Upper:1.0

Cadmium Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Solid
• Density: 8.642 g/cm3

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 112.05 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 6.11 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: 100.0 kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• Melting point: 594.1 K
• Boiling point: 1038.0 K
• Critical temperature: 2960.0 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 112.411 g/mole
• Molar volume: 13.078 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

hexagonal-close-packed

 Thermodynamics

• State: solid
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy 51.76
  • Heat Capacity 25.98

• State: gas
  • Enthalpy 112.01
  • Gibbs function 77.41
  • Entropy 167.746
  • Heat Capacity 20.786

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: 6.83 µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: 209.0 K
• Thermal conductivity: 96.8 W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: 30.9Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility: -2.21e-9
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: 231 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: 27.5 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

Cadmium Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: +2
• Molecular wt: 112.411 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: 141 pm
• Atomic: 152.0 pm
• Van der Waals: pm

 Ions:

• ion: +2 pm 95.0

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 4.35
• Clementi: 8.19
• Froese-Fischer: 11.58

 Electronegativity

• Pauling: 1.7
• Allred-Rochow: 1.46

 Standard reactions

Cadmium Nuclear Properties

• Known 22
• Listed 9

• Known 103 - 119
• Listed 106 - 116

• % Occ.:Natural 1.25%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 0.89%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 5/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 453.0 days
  • Decay mode: E.C.,
  • Source: reactor
• Notes med

• % Occ.:Natural 12.49%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 12.80%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 1/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 24.13%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 12.22%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 1/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 9.0 E15 years
  • Decay mode: Beta-
  • Source: reactor
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 28.73%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 7.49%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• Isotope Cross-section 2450±20 barns

• Absolute sensitivity: 1.21e-3 1H=1.0
• Relative sensitivity: 9.54e-3 1H=1.0
• Receptivity: 6.93 13C=1.0
• Magnetogyric ratio: -5.6714e7 rad / T / s
• Quadropole moment: m2
• Frequency: 21.205 MHz
• Reference: Cd(ClO4)2 Cd(CH3)2

Cadmium Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: [Kr] 4d10 5s2
• Electron affinity: -26 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels