Qivx Inc. Integral Scientist Periodic Table: Properties of Yttrium, Element 39, Y

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Yttrium

Styles	Standard	Bayley	Extended	Octet	Electron	Quantum
ISPT
	Element Properties: General - Physical - Chemical - Nuclear - Energy

Yttrium General Information
Categories Class: Transition Metals Period: 5 IUPAC group: 3 Traditional: IIIa	History Discovered in: 1843 by Mosander Origin of name: Ytterby, village in Sweden Historical or alternate name:
Common natural occurrences Monazite sand, bastnasite & yttria	Description Soft, silvery white metal. Exposed surfaces form oxide film. Easily combusTABLE, reacts with Oxygen in water to release Hydrogen.
Abundances Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm Primitive mantle: 3.4 ppm Sea water: 0.0003 ppm Metallic meteorite: 1.50 ppm Continental crust: 20.0 ppm Solar photosphere: 2.10 log of abundance Oceanic crust: 32.0 ppm Solar system: 4.64 relative to Si=1.0e6	Hazards and Tolerances Hazards Flammable dust. Compounds may be toxic. Possible carcinogen.. Human daily limits Lower:0.01 Upper:1.0

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Yttrium Physical Properties

Transitional Data

State: Solid
Density: 4.4689 g/cm3

Molar enthalpy

Atomization: 420.45 kJ mol-1
Fusion: 17.2 kJ mol-1
Vaporization: 367.4 kJ mol-1

Transition points

Melting point: 1795.0 K
Boiling point: 3611.0 K
Critical temperature: 8950.0 K

Molar properties

Atomic weight: 88.90585 g/mole
Molar volume: 20.017 cm3 mol-1

Crystal structure sequence

hexagonal-close-packed <1733 K < body-centered-cubic < melting point

Thermodynamics

State: solid
- Enthalpy 0
- Gibbs function 0
- Entropy 44.43
- Heat Capacity 26.53

State: gas
- Enthalpy 421.3
- Gibbs function 381.1
- Entropy 1179.48
- Heat Capacity 25.86

Miscellaneous physical

Electrical resistivity: 57.0 µ-ohms/cm
Debye temperature: 280.0 K
Thermal conductivity: 17.2 W / m / K
Coefficient of linear expansion: 11.3Coef. per K
Mass magnetic susceptibility: 2.70e-8
X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:

CuK: 134 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
MoK: 100 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

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Yttrium Chemical Properties

Chemical basics:

Oxidation states: +3
Molecular wt: 88.90585 g/mole

Radii

Covalent: 162 pm
Atomic: 182.0 pm
Van der Waals: pm

Ions:

ion: +3 pm 90.0

Covalent bonds

Bond:

Radius

Energy

Effective nuclear charge

Slater: 3.00
Clementi: 6.26
Froese-Fischer: 8.72

Electronegativity

Pauling: 1.2
Allred-Rochow: 1.11

Standard reactions

oxidation =>
Y+3 + 3e- =>

reduction
Y

potential
-2.37

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Yttrium Nuclear Properties
Isotopes
Number of isotopes: Known 21 Listed 3	Isotope range: Known 82 - 96 Listed 88 - 91
Nuclide 88 % Occ.:Natural Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: Radioisotopes: Half-life: 107.0 days Decay mode: E.C., Beta+ Source: reactor Notes	Nuclide 89 % Occ.:Natural 100.0% Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 1/2 Radioisotopes: Half-life: Decay mode: Source: Notes
Nuclide 91 % Occ.:Natural Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: Radioisotopes: Half-life: 58.5 days Decay mode: Beta- Source: reactor Notes
Thermal neutron capture Isotope Cross-section 1.3±0.1 barns
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Nuclide: 89 Absolute sensitivity: 1.18e-4 1H=1.0 Relative sensitivity: 1.18e-4 1H=1.0 Receptivity: 0.668 13C=1.0 Magnetogyric ratio: -1.3108e7 rad / T / s Quadropole moment: m2 Frequency: 4.899 MHz Reference: Y(NO3)3

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Yttrium Energy Properties

Electrons

Ground state electron configuration: [Kr] 4d1 5s2
Electron affinity: -39 kJ mol-1
Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

Wave length 3242.28 Relative intensity 800 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) 10 Spark (ug/ml) 0.2 Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) Notes: II	Wave length 3710.30 Relative intensity 1500 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) 0.1 Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) Notes: II
Wave length 4077.38 Relative intensity 950 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 5.7 NA Notes:	Wave length 4102.38 Relative intensity 1000 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) 3 OAn Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 5 NA Notes:
Wave length 4128.31 Relative intensity 900 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 5.4 NA Notes:	Wave length 4142.85 Relative intensity 750 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 11 NA Notes:
Wave length 4374.94 Relative intensity 1200 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) 1 Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) Notes:	Wave length 4280.0 Relative intensity Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) 0.1 OAn Atomic absorption (ug/ml) Notes: YO
Wave length 5980.0 Relative intensity Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) 0.02 OAn Atomic absorption (ug/ml) Notes:	Wave length 6140.0 Relative intensity Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) 0.02 OAn Atomic absorption (ug/ml) Notes:

Ionization energies

Ionization level
Y -> Y+
Y+ -> Y+2

Ionization potential
616
1181

Atomic energy levels

Orbital
ns
(n-1)d
(n-1)p

Energy
0.8870
0.8911
5.2162

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