• Class: Transition Metals
• Period: 4
• IUPAC group: 12
• Traditional: IIb

• Discovered in: 1746 by Marggraf
• Origin of name: German: Zink, of obscure origin
• Historical or alternate name:

Sphalerite or blende, smithsonite, calamine & franklinite

Bluish-white, brittle metal. Reacts with alkalis and acids. Tarnishes in air.

• Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm
• Primitive mantle: 50.0 ppm
• Sea water: 0.01 ppm
• Metallic meteorite: 308.0 ppm
• Continental crust: 80.0 ppm
• Solar photosphere: 4.45 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: 85.0 ppm
• Solar system: 1260.0 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Flammable solid. Ignites and reacts violently with oxidants..

• Lower:1.0
• Upper:100.0

Zinc Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Solid
• Density: 7.14 g/cm3

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 130.181 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 6.67 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: 114.2 kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• Melting point: 692.73 K
• Boiling point: 1180.0 K
• Critical temperature: 3380.0 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 65.39 g/mole
• Molar volume: 9.219 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

hexagonal-close-packed

 Thermodynamics

• State: solid
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy 41.63
  • Heat Capacity 25.40

• State: gas
  • Enthalpy 130.729
  • Gibbs function 95.145
  • Entropy 160.984
  • Heat Capacity 20.786

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: 5.964 µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: 327.0 K
• Thermal conductivity: 116.0 W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: 30.3Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility: -2.20e-9
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: 60.3 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: 55.4 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

Zinc Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: +2
• Molecular wt: 65.39 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: 125 pm
• Atomic: 137.0 pm
• Van der Waals: pm

 Ions:

• ion: +2 pm 74.0

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 4.35
• Clementi: 5.97
• Froese-Fischer: 8.28

 Electronegativity

• Pauling: 1.6
• Allred-Rochow: 1.66

 Standard reactions

Zinc Nuclear Properties

• Known 15
• Listed 6

• Known 60 - 72
• Listed 64 - 70

• % Occ.:Natural 48.6%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 244.0 days
  • Decay mode: E.C., Beta+
  • Source:
• Notes med

• % Occ.:Natural 27.9%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 4.1%
• Mossbauer NRA: 14.95
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 5/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 18.8%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 0.6%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• Isotope Cross-section 1.10±0.04 barns

• Absolute sensitivity: 1.17e-4 1H=1.0
• Relative sensitivity: 2.85e-3 1H=1.0
• Receptivity: 0.665 13C=1.0
• Magnetogyric ratio: 1.6737e7 rad / T / s
• Quadropole moment: 0.15e-28 m2
• Frequency: 6.254 MHz
• Reference: Zn(ClO4)2

Zinc Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: [Ar] 3d10 4s2
• Electron affinity: 9 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels