Qivx Inc. Integral Scientist Periodic Table: Properties of Copper, Element 29, Cu

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Copper

Styles	Standard	Bayley	Extended	Octet	Electron	Quantum
ISPT
	Element Properties: General - Physical - Chemical - Nuclear - Energy

Copper General Information
Categories Class: Transition Metals Period: 4 IUPAC group: 11 Traditional: Ib	History Discovered in: ~ 5000 BC by Origin of name: Latin: cuprum, (from Cyprus) Historical or alternate name:
Common natural occurrences Cuprite, malachite, azurite, chalcopyrite & bornite	Description Pale to dark reddish, lustrous metal. Malleable and ductile. Resistant to air and water. Exposed surfaces form greenish Carbonate film.
Abundances Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm Primitive mantle: 28.0 ppm Sea water: 0.003 ppm Metallic meteorite: 112.0 ppm Continental crust: 75.0 ppm Solar photosphere: 4.06 log of abundance Oceanic crust: 86.0 ppm Solar system: 514.0 relative to Si=1.0e6	Hazards and Tolerances Hazards Metal dust poison by inhalation. Compounds harmful by ingestion.. Human daily limits Lower:1.0 Upper:100.0

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Copper Physical Properties

Transitional Data

State: Solid
Density: 8.92 g/cm3

Molar enthalpy

Atomization: 337.15 kJ mol-1
Fusion: 13.0 kJ mol-1
Vaporization: 306.7 kJ mol-1

Transition points

Melting point: 1357.1 K
Boiling point: 2840.0 K
Critical temperature: 5421.0 K

Molar properties

Atomic weight: 63.546 g/mole
Molar volume: 7.156 cm3 mol-1

Crystal structure sequence

face-centered-cubic

Thermodynamics

State: solid
- Enthalpy 0
- Gibbs function 0
- Entropy 33.150
- Heat Capacity 24.435

State: gas
- Enthalpy 338.32
- Gibbs function 298.58
- Entropy 166.38
- Heat Capacity 20.786

Miscellaneous physical

Electrical resistivity: 1.6730 µ-ohms/cm
Debye temperature: 343.0 K
Thermal conductivity: 401.0 W / m / K
Coefficient of linear expansion: 16.6Coef. per K
Mass magnetic susceptibility: -1.081e-9
X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:

CuK: 52.9 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
MoK: 50.9 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

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Copper Chemical Properties

Chemical basics:

Oxidation states: +1 +2 +3
Molecular wt: 63.546 g/mole

Radii

Covalent: 117 pm
Atomic: 128.0 pm
Van der Waals: pm

Ions:

ion: +1 pm 77.0
ion: +2 pm 73.0
ion: +3 pm 54.0

Covalent bonds

Bond:

Radius

Energy

Effective nuclear charge

Slater: 4.20
Clementi: 5.84
Froese-Fischer: 8.07

Electronegativity

Pauling: 1.9
Allred-Rochow: 1.75

Standard reactions

oxidation =>
Cu+2 + 2CN- + e- =>
Cu+ + e- =>
Cu+2 + 2e- =>
Cu+2 + 2e- =>
Cu+2 + e- =>
CuI2- + e- =>
Cu2O + H2O + 2e- =>

reduction
Cu(CN)2-
Cu
Cu
Cu
Cu+
Cu + 2I-
2Cu + 2OH-

potential
1.12
0.52
0.35
0.337
0.153
0.00
-0.358

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Copper Nuclear Properties
Isotopes
Number of isotopes: Known 11 Listed 2	Isotope range: Known 58 - 68 Listed 63 - 65
Nuclide 63 % Occ.:Natural 69.17% Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 3/2 Radioisotopes: Half-life: Decay mode: Source: Notes	Nuclide 65 % Occ.:Natural 30.83% Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 3/2 Radioisotopes: Half-life: Decay mode: Source: Notes
Thermal neutron capture Isotope Cross-section 3.8±0.1 barns
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Nuclide: 63 Absolute sensitivity: 6.43e-2 1H=1.0 Relative sensitivity: 9.31e-2 1H=1.0 Receptivity: 365 13C=1.0 Magnetogyric ratio: 7.0965e7 rad / T / s Quadropole moment: -0.211e-28 m2 Frequency: 26.505 MHz Reference: Cu(MeCN)4+BF4- in MeCN

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Copper Energy Properties

Electrons

Ground state electron configuration: [Ar] 3d10 4s1
Electron affinity: 118.3 kJ mol-1
Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

Wave length 2024.34 Relative intensity 2 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 0.6 AA (5-50) Notes:	Wave length 2178.94 Relative intensity 8 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 0.5 AA (10-50) Notes:
Wave length 2181.72 Relative intensity 6 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 0.7 AA (10-50) Notes:	Wave length 2225.70 Relative intensity 4 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 1.2 AA (5-500) Notes:
Wave length 2441.64 Relative intensity 4 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 34 AA (10-500) Notes:	Wave length 2492.15 Relative intensity 36 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 7 AA (10-100) Notes:
Wave length 3247.54 Relative intensity 5000 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) 0.2 Spark (ug/ml) 0.2 Flame emission (ug/ml) 0.6 OA Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 0.1 AA (1-10) Notes:	Wave length 3273.96 Relative intensity 2500 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) 0.05 Flame emission (ug/ml) 0.8 OA Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 0.2 AA (1-10) Notes:

Ionization energies

Ionization level
Cu -> Cu+
Cu+ -> Cu+2

Ionization potential
745.4
1958

Atomic energy levels

Orbital
ns
(n-1)d
(n-1)p

Energy
1.1098
1.6199
12.445

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