• Class: Transition Metals
• Period: 4
• IUPAC group: 4
• Traditional: IVa

• Discovered in: 1791 by Gregor
• Origin of name: Latin: mythology; the Titans
• Historical or alternate name:

Rutile, ilmenite, sphene, titanates & many iron ores

Silvery, lustrous, hard metal. Powdered form burns in air. Exposed surfaces form oxide coating. Unreactive with alkali and most acids.

• Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm
• Primitive mantle: 960.0 ppm
• Sea water: 0.001 ppm
• Metallic meteorite: 436.0 ppm
• Continental crust: 5400.0 ppm
• Solar photosphere: 5.05 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: 9000.0 ppm
• Solar system: 2400.0 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Flammable solid. Titanium chloride corrosive irritant..

• Lower:0.01
• Upper:1.0

Titanium Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Solid
• Density: 4.54 g/cm3

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 467.14 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 20.9 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: 425.5 kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• Melting point: 1933.0 K
• Boiling point: 3560.0 K
• Critical temperature: 5850.0 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 47.88 g/mole
• Molar volume: 10.697 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

hexagonal-close-packed <1173 K < body-centered-cubic < melting point

 Thermodynamics

• State: solid
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy 30.63
  • Heat Capacity 25.02

• State: gas
  • Enthalpy 469.9
  • Gibbs function 425.1
  • Entropy 180.298
  • Heat Capacity 24.430

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: 42.0 µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: 420.0 K
• Thermal conductivity: 21.9 W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: 8.7Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility: 4.01e-8
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: 208 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: 24.2 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

Titanium Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: +2 +3 +4
• Molecular wt: 47.88 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: 132 pm
• Atomic: 147.0 pm
• Van der Waals: pm

 Ions:

• ion: +2 pm 86.0
• ion: +3 pm 67.0
• ion: +4 pm 60.5

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 3.15
• Clementi: 4.82
• Froese-Fischer: 6.37

 Electronegativity

• Pauling: 1.5
• Allred-Rochow: 1.32

 Standard reactions

Titanium Nuclear Properties

• Known 9
• Listed 6

• Known 43 - 51
• Listed 44 - 50

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 47.0 years
  • Decay mode: E.C.,
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 8.0%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 7.3%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 5/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 73.8%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 5.5%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 7/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 5.4%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• Isotope Cross-section 6.1±0.2 barns

• Absolute sensitivity: 1.52e-4 1H=1.0
• Relative sensitivity: 2.09e-3 1H=1.0
• Receptivity: 0.864 13C=1.0
• Magnetogyric ratio: 1.5084e7 rad / T / s
• Quadropole moment: 0.29e-28 m2
• Frequency: 5.637 MHz
• Reference: TiF6-2

Titanium Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: [Ar] 3d2 4s2
• Electron affinity: -2 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels