Qivx Inc. Integral Scientist Periodic Table: Properties of Aluminum, Element 13, Al

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Aluminum

Styles	Standard	Bayley	Extended	Octet	Electron	Quantum
ISPT
	Element Properties: General - Physical - Chemical - Nuclear - Energy

Aluminum General Information
Categories Class: Metals Period: 3 IUPAC group: 13 Traditional: IIIb	History Discovered in: 1825 by Oersted, also Wohler, 1827 Origin of name: Latin: alumen, alum also Aluminium Historical or alternate name:
Common natural occurrences Alum, bauxite, feldspars, granite & other common minerals	Description Hard, silvery white metal. Exposed surfaces quickly form protective oxide coating.
Abundances Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm Primitive mantle: 19300.0 ppm Sea water: 0.01 ppm Metallic meteorite: 8620.0 ppm Continental crust: 84100.0 ppm Solar photosphere: 6.52 log of abundance Oceanic crust: 84700.0 ppm Solar system: 84900.0 relative to Si=1.0e6	Hazards and Tolerances Hazards Metal reacts violently with oxidants.. Human daily limits Lower:1.0 Upper:100.0

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Aluminum Physical Properties

Transitional Data

State: Solid
Density: 2.702 g/cm3

Molar enthalpy

Atomization: 324.01 kJ mol-1
Fusion: 10.67 kJ mol-1
Vaporization: 290.8 kJ mol-1

Transition points

Melting point: 933.25 K
Boiling point: 2793.0 K
Critical temperature: 8550.0 K

Molar properties

Atomic weight: 26.981539 g/mole
Molar volume: 10.061 cm3 mol-1

Crystal structure sequence

face-centered-cubic

Thermodynamics

State: solid
- Enthalpy 0
- Gibbs function 0
- Entropy 28.33
- Heat Capacity 24.35

State: gas
- Enthalpy 326.4
- Gibbs function 285.7
- Entropy 165.54
- Heat Capacity 21.38

Miscellaneous physical

Electrical resistivity: 2.650 µ-ohms/cm
Debye temperature: 428.0 K
Thermal conductivity: 237.0 W / m / K
Coefficient of linear expansion: 23.2Coef. per K
Mass magnetic susceptibility: 7.7e-9
X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:

CuK: 48.6 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
MoK: 5.16 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

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Aluminum Chemical Properties

Chemical basics:

Oxidation states: +3
Molecular wt: 26.981539 g/mole

Radii

Covalent: 125 pm
Atomic: 143.0 pm
Van der Waals: 205 pm

Ions:

ion: +3 pm 53.5

Covalent bonds

Bond:
Al-H
Al-C
Al-O
Al-F
Al-Cl
Al-Al

Radius
170
224
162
163
206
286

Energy
285
225
585
665
498
200

Effective nuclear charge

Slater: 3.50
Clementi: 4.07
Froese-Fischer: 3.64

Electronegativity

Pauling: 1.61
Allred-Rochow: 1.47

Standard reactions

oxidation =>
Al+3 + 3e- =>
Al(OH)3 + 3e- =>

reduction
Al
Al + 3OH-

potential
-1.67
-2.31

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Aluminum Nuclear Properties
Isotopes
Number of isotopes: Known 8 Listed 2	Isotope range: Known 24 - 30 Listed 26 - 27
Nuclide 26 % Occ.:Natural Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 5/0 Radioisotopes: Half-life: 0.716 E6 years Decay mode: Beta+ Source: Cosmic irradiation. Notes date	Nuclide 27 % Occ.:Natural 100.0% Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 5/2 Radioisotopes: Half-life: Decay mode: Source: Notes
Thermal neutron capture Isotope Cross-section 0.232 barns
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Nuclide: 27 Absolute sensitivity: 0.21 1H=1.0 Relative sensitivity: 0.21 1H=1.0 Receptivity: 1.17e3 13C=1.0 Magnetogyric ratio: 6.9704e7 rad / T / s Quadropole moment: 0.4193e-28 m2 Frequency: 26.057 MHz Reference: Al(H2O)6+3

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Aluminum Energy Properties

Electrons

Ground state electron configuration: [Ne] 3s2 3p1
Electron affinity: 44 kJ mol-1
Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

Wave length 2269.09 Relative intensity 2 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 9 NAr (10-1000) Notes:	Wave length 2367.06 Relative intensity 18 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 8 NAr (10-1000) Notes:
Wave length 2373.13 Relative intensity 36 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 5 NAr (100-1000) Notes: d	Wave length 2567.99 Relative intensity 24 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 16 NAr (100-1000) Notes:
Wave length 2575.10 Relative intensity 48 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 11 NAr (100-1000) Notes: D	Wave length 3082.16 Relative intensity 320 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 4 NAr (10-500) Notes:
Wave length 3092.71 Relative intensity 650 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) 1.0 Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 2.2 NAr (5-100) Notes: D	Wave length 3944.03 Relative intensity 450 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) 0.3 OAn Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 5 NAr (10-200) Notes:
Wave length 3961.53 Relative intensity 900 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) 1.0 Spark (ug/ml) 0.3 Flame emission (ug/ml) 0.5 OAn Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 3 NAr (10-200) Notes:	Wave length 4842.0 Relative intensity Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) 0.5 OAn Atomic absorption (ug/ml) Notes: AlO

Ionization energies

Ionization level
Al -> Al+
Al+ -> Al+2

Ionization potential
577.4
1816.6

Atomic energy levels

Orbital
np
ns

Energy
0.7808
1.6229

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