• Class: Alkalines
• Period: 3
• IUPAC group: 2
• Traditional: IIa

• Discovered in: 1808 by Davy
• Origin of name: Magnesia, district in Thessaly
• Historical or alternate name:

Magnesite, dolomite & other minerals

Semi-soft, lustrous, silvery white metal. Burns in air and reacts with water as temperature elevates.

• Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm
• Primitive mantle: 212000.0 ppm
• Sea water: 1300 ppm
• Metallic meteorite: 95500.0 ppm
• Continental crust: 32000.0 ppm
• Solar photosphere: 7.60 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: 46400.0 ppm
• Solar system: 1.0750E+6 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Flammable. Can ignite in air. React violently with oxidants..

   Human daily limits

• Lower:Required
• Upper:

Magnesium Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Solid
• Density: 1.74 g/cm3

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 146.499 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 9.04 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: 127.6 kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• Melting point: 922.0 K
• Boiling point: 1363.0 K
• Critical temperature: 2535.0 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 24.3050 g/mole
• Molar volume: 14.082 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

hexagonal-close-packed

 Thermodynamics

• State: solid
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy 32.68
  • Heat Capacity 24.89

• State: gas
  • Enthalpy 147.70
  • Gibbs function 113.10
  • Entropy 148.650
  • Heat Capacity 20.786

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: 4.45 µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: 400.0 K
• Thermal conductivity: 156.0 W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: 25.0Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility: 6.8e-9
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: 38.6 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: 4.11 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

Magnesium Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: +2
• Molecular wt: 24.3050 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: 136 pm
• Atomic: 160.0 pm
• Van der Waals: pm

 Ions:

• ion: +2 pm 72.0

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 2.85
• Clementi: 3.31
• Froese-Fischer: 4.15

 Electronegativity

• Pauling: 1.31
• Allred-Rochow: 1.23

 Standard reactions

Magnesium Nuclear Properties

• Known 8
• Listed 3

• Known 20 - 28
• Listed 24 - 26

• % Occ.:Natural 78.99%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 10.00%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 5/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 11.01%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• Isotope Cross-section 0.064±0.002 barns

• Absolute sensitivity: 2.71e-4 1H=1.0
• Relative sensitivity: 2.67e-3 1H=1.0
• Receptivity: 1.54 13C=1.0
• Magnetogyric ratio: 1.6375e7 rad / T / s
• Quadropole moment: 0.22e-28 m2
• Frequency: 6.1195 MHz
• Reference: MgCl2

Magnesium Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: [Ne] 3s2
• Electron affinity: -21 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels