• Class: Alkalis
• Period: 3
• IUPAC group: 1
• Traditional: Ia

• Discovered in: 1807 by Davy
• Origin of name: Latin: natrium
• Historical or alternate name: Natrium

Sodium chloride, soda niter, cryolite, amphibole, zeolite, sodalite, etc.

Soft, silvery white metal. Fresh surfaces oxidize rapidly. Reacts vigorously, even violently with water.

• Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm
• Primitive mantle: 2500.0 ppm
• Sea water: 10600 ppm
• Metallic meteorite: 4830.0 ppm
• Continental crust: 23000.0 ppm
• Solar photosphere: 6.28 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: 20800.0 ppm
• Solar system: 57000.0 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Flammable solid. Reacts with water to give off flammable gas. May cause burns. Highly reactive with oxidants..

   Human daily limits

• Lower:Required
• Upper:

Sodium Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Solid
• Density: 0.97 g/cm3

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 107.566 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 2.64 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: 99.2 kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• Melting point: 370.96 K
• Boiling point: 1156.0 K
• Critical temperature: 2573.0 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 22.989768 g/mole
• Molar volume: 23.932 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

hexagonal-close-packed <36 K < body-centered-cubic < melting point

 Thermodynamics

• State: solid
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy 51.21
  • Heat Capacity 28.24

• State: gas
  • Enthalpy 107.32
  • Gibbs function 76.761
  • Entropy 153.712
  • Heat Capacity 20.786

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: 4.2 µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: 158.0 K
• Thermal conductivity: 141.0 W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: 71.0Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility: 8.8e-9
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: 30.1 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: 3.21 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

Sodium Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: +1
• Molecular wt: 22.989768 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: pm
• Atomic: 191.0 pm
• Van der Waals: 231 pm

 Ions:

• ion: +1 pm 102.0

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 2.20
• Clementi: 2.51
• Froese-Fischer: 3.21

 Electronegativity

• Pauling: 0.9
• Allred-Rochow: 1.01

 Standard reactions

Sodium Nuclear Properties

• Known 7
• Listed 2

• Known 20 - 26
• Listed 22 - 23

• % Occ.:Natural
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 3/0
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life: 2.602 years
  • Decay mode: Beta+
  • Source: Cosmic irradiation.
• Notes med

• % Occ.:Natural 100.0%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 3/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• Isotope Cross-section 0.534±0.005 barns

• Absolute sensitivity: 9.25e-2 1H=1.0
• Relative sensitivity: 9.25e-2 1H=1.0
• Receptivity: 525 13C=1.0
• Magnetogyric ratio: 7.0761e7 rad / T / s
• Quadropole moment: 0.12e-28 m2
• Frequency: 26.451 MHz
• Reference: NaCl

Sodium Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: [Ne] 3s1
• Electron affinity: 52.9 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels