• Class: Non-Metals
• Period: 2
• IUPAC group: 16
• Traditional: VIb

• Discovered in: 1774 by Priestley, Scheele
• Origin of name: Greek: oxys, (acid) & genes (forming)
• Historical or alternate name:

21% of air; component of hundreds of thousands of organic compounds

Colorless, odorless gas. Extremely reactive. Forms oxides with nearly all other elements except noble gases.

• Atmosphere: 209500 ppm
• Primitive mantle: ~0.0 ppm
• Sea water: (H2O) ppm
• Metallic meteorite: 464000.0 ppm
• Continental crust: 466000.0 ppm
• Solar photosphere: 8.84 log of abundance
• Oceanic crust: ~0.0 ppm
• Solar system: 2.010E+7 relative to Si=1.0e6

   Hazards

Nonflammable gas. Oxidizer. Reacts with many oxidizable materials..

   Human daily limits

• Lower:Required
• Upper:

Oxygen Physical Properties

 Transitional Data

• State: Gas
• Density: 1.429 g/L

 Molar enthalpy

• Atomization: 246.785 kJ mol-1
• Fusion: 0.444 kJ mol-1
• Vaporization: 6.82 kJ mol-1

 Transition points

• Melting point: 54.8 K
• Boiling point: 90.19 K
• Critical temperature: 154.58 K

 Molar properties

• Atomic weight: 15.9994 g/mole
• Molar volume: 10.52 cm3 mol-1

 Crystal structure sequence

monoclinic <23 K < complex-rhombohedral < 44 K < complex-cubic < melting point

 Thermodynamics

• State: gas (O2)
  • Enthalpy 0
  • Gibbs function 0
  • Entropy 205.138
  • Heat Capacity 29.355

• State: gas (atoms)
  • Enthalpy 249.170
  • Gibbs function 231.731
  • Entropy 161.055
  • Heat Capacity 21.912

 Miscellaneous physical

• Electrical resistivity: µ-ohms/cm
• Debye temperature: K
• Thermal conductivity: 0.0263 W / m / K
• Coefficient of linear expansion: Coef. per K
• Mass magnetic susceptibility: 1.355e-6
• X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:
• CuK: 11.5 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
• MoK: 1.31 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

Oxygen Chemical Properties

 Chemical basics:

• Oxidation states: -2
• Molecular wt: 15.9994 g/mole

 Radii

• Covalent: 66 pm
• Atomic: 74.0 pm
• Van der Waals: 140 pm

 Ions:

• ion: -2 pm 132.0
• ion: +1pm 22.0

 Covalent bonds

 Effective nuclear charge

• Slater: 4.55
• Clementi: 4.45
• Froese-Fischer: 4.04

 Electronegativity

• Pauling: 3.5
• Allred-Rochow: 3.50

 Standard reactions

Oxygen Nuclear Properties

• Known 8
• Listed 3

• Known 13 - 20
• Listed 16 - 18

• % Occ.:Natural 99.762%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 0.038%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 5/2
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• % Occ.:Natural 0.200%
• Mossbauer NRA:
• Nuclear spin/Quantum no.:
• Radioisotopes:
  • Half-life:
  • Decay mode:
  • Source:
• Notes

• Isotope 16Cross-section 0.178e-3 barns

• Absolute sensitivity: 1.08e-5 1H=1.0
• Relative sensitivity: 2.91e-2 1H=1.0
• Receptivity: 0.061 13C=1.0
• Magnetogyric ratio: -3.6264e7 rad / T / s
• Quadropole moment: -2.6e-30 m2
• Frequency: 13.557 MHz
• Reference: H2O

Oxygen Energy Properties

Electrons

• Ground state electron configuration: 1s2 2s2 2p4
• Electron affinity: 141 kJ mol-1
• Filling orbitals:

 Ionization energies

 Atomic energy levels