Qivx Inc. Integral Scientist Periodic Table: Properties of Lithium, Element 3, Li

Lithium General Information
Categories Class: Alkalis Period: 2 IUPAC group: 1 Traditional: Ia	History Discovered in: 1818 by Arfvedson Origin of name: Greek: lithos, (stone) Historical or alternate name:
Common natural occurrences Doesn't occur free in nature, combined in igneous rocks & mineral springs.	Description Soft, silvery white metal. Reacts slowly with water and oxygen.
Abundances Atmosphere: ~0.0 ppm Primitive mantle: 0.83 ppm Sea water: 0.2 ppm Metallic meteorite: 1.59 ppm Continental crust: 13.0 ppm Solar photosphere: 1.0 log of abundance Oceanic crust: 10.0 ppm Solar system: 59.7 relative to Si=1.0e6	Hazards and Tolerances Hazards Flammable. Can ignite in air. Reacts with water to give off a flammable gas. Compounds may be moderately toxic.. Human daily limits Lower:0.01 Upper:1.0

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Lithium Physical Properties

Transitional Data

State: Solid
Density: 0.534 g/cm3

Molar enthalpy

Atomization: 157.800 kJ mol-1
Fusion: 4.60 kJ mol-1
Vaporization: 147.7 kJ mol-1

Transition points

Melting point: 453.69 K
Boiling point: 1615.0 K
Critical temperature: 3223.0 K

Molar properties

Atomic weight: 6.941 g/mole
Molar volume: 13.094 cm3 mol-1

Crystal structure sequence

hexagonal-close-packed <72 K < body-centered-cubic < melting point

Thermodynamics

State: solid
- Enthalpy 0
- Gibbs function 0
- Entropy 29.12
- Heat Capacity 24.77

State: gas
- Enthalpy 159.37
- Gibbs function 126.66
- Entropy 138.77
- Heat Capacity 20.786

Miscellaneous physical

Electrical resistivity: 8.55 µ-ohms/cm
Debye temperature: 344.0 K
Thermal conductivity: 84.7 W / m / K
Coefficient of linear expansion: 47.0Coef. per K
Mass magnetic susceptibility: 2.56e-8
X-ray diffraction mass absorption coefficients:

CuK: 0.716 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1
MoK: 0.217 (µ/p)/cm2 g-1

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Lithium Chemical Properties

Chemical basics:

Oxidation states: +1
Molecular wt: 6.941 g/mole

Radii

Covalent: 123 pm
Atomic: 157.0 pm
Van der Waals: pm

Ions:

ion: +1 pm 76.0

Covalent bonds

Bond:

Radius

Energy

Effective nuclear charge

Slater: 1.30
Clementi: 1.28
Froese-Fischer: 1.55

Electronegativity

Pauling: 0.98
Allred-Rochow: 0.97

Standard reactions

oxidation =>
Li+ + e- =>

reduction
Li

potential
-3.02

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Lithium Nuclear Properties
Isotopes
Number of isotopes: Known 5 Listed 2	Isotope range: Known 5 - 9 Listed 6 - 7
Nuclide 6 % Occ.:Natural 7.5% Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 1/0 Radioisotopes: Half-life: Decay mode: Source: Notes	Nuclide 7 % Occ.:Natural 92.5% Mossbauer NRA: Nuclear spin/Quantum no.: 3/2 Radioisotopes: Half-life: Decay mode: Source: Notes
Thermal neutron capture Isotope Cross-section 71±1 barns
Nuclear magnetic resonance
Nuclide: 6 Absolute sensitivity: 6.31e-4 1H=1.0 Relative sensitivity: 8.50e3 1H=1.0 Receptivity: 3.58 13C=1.0 Magnetogyric ratio: 3.9366e7 rad / T / s Quadropole moment: -8.e-32 m2 Frequency: 14.716 MHz Reference: LiCl

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Lithium Energy Properties

Electrons

Ground state electron configuration: 1s2 2s1
Electron affinity: 59.8 kJ mol-1
Filling orbitals:

Spectral lines

Wave length 2741.20 Relative intensity 5 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 15 AA (100-1000) Notes:	Wave length 3232.61 Relative intensity 17 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) 10 Spark (ug/ml) 10 Flame emission (ug/ml) 46 OA Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 18 AA (50-1000) Notes:
Wave length 4602.86 Relative intensity 13 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) 13 OA Atomic absorption (ug/ml) Notes:	Wave length 6103.64 Relative intensity 320 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) Spark (ug/ml) Flame emission (ug/ml) 4 OA Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 192 AP Notes:
Wave length 6707.84 Relative intensity 3600 Detection limits Arc (ug/g) 0.1 Spark (ug/ml) 0.1 Flame emission (ug/ml) 0.07 OA Atomic absorption (ug/ml) 0.04 AA (0.1-10) Notes:

Ionization energies

Ionization level
Li -> Li+
Li+ -> Li+2

Ionization potential
513.3
7298.0

Atomic energy levels

Orbital
ns

(n-1)s

Energy
0.8805

9.5871

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